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Viral apoptotic mimicry.

Ophélie Dejarnac1, Laurent Meertens1, Manuel Perera1

  • 1Inserm U944, Laboratoire de pathologie et virologie moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, av. Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France, Institut universitaire d'hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses mimic apoptotic cells by exposing phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to evade immune detection and infect hosts. This review explores how viruses exploit PtdSer receptors, like TIM and TAM, for viral entry and infection.

Keywords:
TIM and TAM receptorsapoptotic mimicryenveloped virusesphosphatidylserineviral entry

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells, relies on phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) recognition.
  • Viruses have evolved to mimic this process, exposing PtdSer on their envelopes to evade immune responses.
  • This viral apoptotic mimicry facilitates infection by hijacking host cell mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding viral apoptotic mimicry.
  • To discuss the role of PtdSer receptors in viral infection and entry.
  • To highlight the function of TIM and TAM receptor families in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on viral PtdSer exposure.
  • Analysis of research on PtdSer receptor interactions with enveloped viruses.
  • Focus on T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) and Tyro3, Axl, Mer (TAM) receptor families.

Main Results:

  • Multiple enveloped viruses utilize PtdSer exposure to facilitate infection.
  • Viruses directly or indirectly bind to PtdSer receptors to initiate their infectious cycle.
  • TIM and TAM receptor families play a significant role in viral entry and infection processes.

Conclusions:

  • Viral apoptotic mimicry is a key strategy for successful infection.
  • Targeting PtdSer receptors presents a potential avenue for antiviral therapies.
  • Further research into PtdSer-mediated viral entry is crucial for understanding and combating viral diseases.