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A Multilevel Intervention Framework for Supporting People Experiencing Homelessness with Pets.

Nick Kerman1, Michelle Lem2, Mike Witte2

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
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PubMed
Summary

Many people experiencing homelessness own pets, but face barriers to care. A new framework proposes multilevel interventions to improve health and well-being for pet owners, addressing policy, public awareness, and service delivery.

Keywords:
Housing FirstOne Healthaccess to carecompanion animalshomeless youthhomelessnesshousing policypet ownershipservice deliveryveterinary medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Sciences
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Approximately 10% of individuals experiencing homelessness own pets.
  • Pet ownership offers significant psychosocial benefits.
  • Systemic barriers hinder pet owners experiencing homelessness from accessing essential services and housing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a multilevel framework for enhancing the health and well-being of pet owners experiencing homelessness.
  • To integrate a One Health approach in addressing the needs of this population.
  • To identify actionable interventions at various levels of service delivery.

Main Methods:

  • A multilevel framework incorporating policy, public, and direct service delivery interventions.
  • Utilizing a One Health approach to consider human, animal, and environmental health.
  • Reviewing existing barriers and proposing targeted solutions.

Main Results:

  • Policy interventions include increasing pet-friendly shelters, housing access, and veterinary care, alongside promoting Housing First.
  • Public-level interventions focus on education to reduce stigma surrounding homelessness and pet ownership.
  • Direct service providers can offer support through recognizing strengths, community connections, risk awareness, harm reduction, and advocacy.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, multilevel approach is crucial for supporting pet owners experiencing homelessness.
  • Addressing policy and service delivery gaps can mitigate hardships and improve outcomes.
  • This framework offers a roadmap for more inclusive and effective homelessness interventions.