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  • 1School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.

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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations will transform navigation. This study proposes methods for generating LEO orbital products at meter and centimeter accuracy levels for improved positioning services.

Keywords:
LEOPODmega-constellationorbit predictionpositioning

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Area of Science:

  • Satellite dynamics and orbital mechanics
  • Geodesy and positioning systems
  • Space-based navigation and surveillance

Background:

  • The proliferation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations presents new opportunities and challenges for satellite-based positioning and navigation.
  • Existing positioning systems may require adaptation to effectively utilize data from LEO constellations.
  • Accurate orbital products are crucial for reliable positioning services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and assess the feasibility of generating LEO orbital products at two distinct accuracy levels.
  • To provide meter-level accuracy orbits (Level A) as broadcast ephemerides for LEO-specific applications.
  • To generate centimeter-level accuracy orbits (Level B) as polynomial corrections based on Level A orbits.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of real data from the LEO satellite GRACE FO-1 to evaluate error budgets.
  • Development of procedures for generating Level A (meter-level) and Level B (centimeter-level) orbital products.
  • Investigation of orbital prediction errors and ephemeris fitting for accuracy assessment.

Main Results:

  • Orbital prediction errors are the dominant factor in Level A product accuracy, reaching up to 1 meter for 6-hour prediction intervals.
  • Ephemeris fitting for Level A products introduces orbital user range errors (OUREs) of a few centimeters.
  • Level B products achieve centimeter-level OUREs for short prediction periods, with polynomial fitting reducing errors to millimeters.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed two-level accuracy approach for LEO orbital products is feasible.
  • Orbital prediction accuracy is critical for meter-level LEO ephemerides.
  • Centimeter-level accuracy for LEO positioning can be achieved through polynomial corrections, especially for short-term predictions.