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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Imaging and Quantifying Mitochondrial Morphology in C. elegans During Aging
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Intimate Relations-Mitochondria and Ageing.

Michael Webb1, Dionisia P Sideris1

  • 1Mitobridge Inc., an Astellas Company, 1030 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to aging, but the exact cause-and-effect is complex and not fully understood. Current research suggests no single factor in mitochondrial biology directly causes aging.

Keywords:
ROSageingenergeticsgene regulationmitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Cellular Aging

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a known hallmark of aging.
  • The precise mechanisms linking mitochondrial health to the aging process remain elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key characteristics of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • To explore the biochemical, regulatory, and energetic aspects of this phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on mitochondrial dysfunction and aging.
  • Analysis of phenomenological manifestations across biochemical, regulatory, and energetic domains.

Main Results:

  • Identified major phenomenological manifestations of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Highlighted the intricate interplay of biochemical, regulatory, and energetic factors.

Conclusions:

  • The complexity of mitochondrial aging processes and their interconnections are not fully elucidated.
  • A singular, linear causal link between specific mitochondrial aspects and aging is currently unlikely to be established.