Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Malignant Melanoma Using Gabor-Based Entropic Features and Multilevel Neural Networks

The American Cancer Society has recently stated that malignant melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, and it is almost 100% curable, if it is detected and treated early. In this paper, we present a fully automated neural framework for real-time melanoma detection, where a low-dimensional, computationally inexpensive but highly discriminative descriptor for skin lesions is derived from local patterns of Gabor-based entropic features. The input skin image is first preprocessed by filtering and histogram equalization to reduce noise and enhance image quality. An automatic thresholding by the optimized formula of Otsu's method is used for segmenting out lesion regions from the surrounding healthy skin regions. Then, an extensive set of optimized Gabor-based features is computed to characterize segmented skin lesions. Finally, the normalized features are fed into a trained Multilevel Neural Network to classify each pigmented skin lesion in a given dermoscopic image as benign or melanoma. The proposed detection methodology is successfully tested and validated on the public PH2 benchmark dataset using 5-cross-validation, achieving 97.5%, 100% and 96.87% in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, respectively, which demonstrate competitive performance compared with several recent state-of-the-art methods.