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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

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Nanomedicine for Ischemic Stroke.

Xinyue Dong1, Jin Gao1, Yujie Su1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Ischemic stroke treatment faces challenges in brain drug delivery. Nanoparticle-based therapeutics offer promise for improved stroke therapies by targeting specific brain sites and crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Keywords:
blood brain barrierbrain targetingischemic strokenanoparticle-based drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stroke, particularly ischemic stroke, is a leading cause of disability and death.
  • Current therapeutic options for ischemic stroke are limited, largely due to difficulties in delivering treatments to the affected brain regions.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on ischemic stroke pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies.
  • To highlight recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
  • To address challenges in nanoparticle delivery across the blood-brain barrier and in vivo imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and cell-derived nanovesicles.
  • Discussion of challenges and opportunities in nanoparticle delivery and targeting for stroke treatment.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle-based therapeutics show potential for improved ischemic stroke treatment.
  • Polymeric NPs, liposomes, and cell-derived nanovesicles are promising delivery systems.
  • Targeting activated brain endothelium and inflammatory neutrophils presents new therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle-based approaches offer a promising strategy to overcome drug delivery challenges in ischemic stroke.
  • Further research into nanoparticle transport across the blood-brain barrier and in vivo imaging is essential.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific cellular components hold potential for enhancing current ischemic stroke treatments.