Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

5.5K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
5.5K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

8.5K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
8.5K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.8K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.8K
The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

The Unfolded Protein Response

6.0K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
6.0K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

4.0K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
4.0K
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

4.5K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Jaw Clenching While Wearing a Bite-Aligning Mouthguard on Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review.

International journal of dentistry·2026
Same author

Polystyrene nanoplastics impair epithelial barrier establishment and modulate extracellular vesicle release in human bronchial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface.

Toxicology·2026
Same author

Micro-Nanoplastic Exposure and Lung Cancer Biomarkers: The Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Intercellular Communication.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Reliability, Minimum Detectable Change and Construct Validity of the Functional Rating Index in Italian Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

Flow Cytometry Role in Unlocking New Frontiers for Nanomedicine Applications of Plant-Derived Vesicles.

Journal of extracellular biology·2026
Same author

Intestinal Protective Effects of a Pomegranate Peel Extract in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.1K

Irisin and Autophagy: First Update.

Mirko Pesce1, Patrizia Ballerini2, Teresa Paolucci3

  • 1Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Exercise and irisin, a myokine released during physical activity, promote healthy aging by enhancing autophagy, a cellular recycling process. This review explores their interconnected roles in mitigating age-related cellular damage and disease.

Keywords:
FNDC5autophagyirisinmyokinephysical activity

More Related Videos

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
09:10

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

7.6K
Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

31.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.1K
siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
09:10

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

7.6K
Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

31.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Aging and sedentary lifestyles contribute to cellular dysfunction and death.
  • Autophagy is a crucial cellular recycling pathway that declines with age.
  • Exercise is known to promote healthy aging, partly through molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the relationship between irisin and autophagy.
  • To elucidate the role of irisin as an exercise-induced autophagy regulator.
  • To consolidate information on exercise, myokines, and autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on irisin, autophagy, and exercise.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking myokines to cellular processes.
  • Synthesis of current research findings.

Main Results:

  • Irisin, a myokine, is released during exercise and influences various metabolic processes.
  • Irisin has been recently linked to the induction of autophagy.
  • Exercise-inducible irisin may be a key mediator of autophagy's benefits in aging.

Conclusions:

  • Irisin plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on cellular health and aging.
  • Understanding the irisin-autophagy axis offers potential therapeutic targets for age-related diseases.
  • Further research is warranted to fully explore the therapeutic potential of irisin and exercise-induced autophagy.