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Related Concept Videos

Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

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Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
736
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

150
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
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Decrease in Pulse Wave Velocity is Associated with Clinical Improvement in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.

Ayşegül Demir1, Şerefnur Öztürk2, Ahmet Hakan Ekmekçi2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Konya Education Research Hospital, 04240, Konya, Turkey.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Increased arterial stiffness, including augmentation index (AIx@75) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), is linked to higher mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients. A decrease in PWV indicates clinical improvement.

Keywords:
Acute ischemic strokeArterial stiffnessAugmentation indexNational Institutes of Health Stroke ScalePulse wave velocity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness is a key factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks.
  • Previous studies link increased arterial stiffness to stroke severity.
  • The prognostic value of arterial stiffness changes in acute ischemic stroke requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between clinical improvement and changes in arterial stiffness parameters in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
  • To determine if arterial stiffness parameters predict in-hospital mortality and functional outcomes.
  • To explore the relationship between arterial stiffness dynamics and recovery post-stroke.

Main Methods:

  • 107 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled.
  • Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and arterial stiffness measurements (AIx@75, PWV) were performed on days 1 and 7.
  • Stroke severity (NIHSS) and functional outcomes (mRS) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Higher AIx@75 and PWV were observed in patients who died compared to those discharged (p <0.001, p=0.04).
  • Patients with clinical improvement showed a significant decrease in PWV from day 1 to day 7 (p=0.032).
  • Mixed ANOVA revealed significant changes in PWV over time between groups (p=0.033).
  • Negative changes in PWV and central diastolic blood pressure independently predicted clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated AIx@75 and PWV are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in acute ischemic stroke.
  • A reduction in PWV correlates with clinical improvement in ischemic stroke patients.
  • Arterial stiffness parameters may serve as important biomarkers for prognosis and recovery in acute ischemic stroke.