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Post-extraction dimensional changes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emilio Couso-Queiruga1, Sandra Stuhr1, Mustafa Tattan1

  • 1Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alveolar ridge reduction after tooth extraction varies by tooth type. This systematic review quantifies horizontal and vertical bone loss following unassisted socket healing in molar and non-molar sites.

Keywords:
alveolar bone lossbone resorptiontooth extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral Surgery
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Alveolar bone resorption is a common consequence of tooth extraction.
  • Understanding dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge is crucial for successful dental implant placement and prosthodontic rehabilitation.
  • Unassisted socket healing represents a baseline for evaluating bone preservation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze existing evidence on post-extraction dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge.
  • To quantify horizontal and vertical bone resorption following unassisted socket healing.
  • To compare dimensional changes between molar and non-molar extraction sites.

Main Methods:

  • A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted.
  • A comprehensive literature search identified relevant studies.
  • Data from 28 selected articles, including 20 for quantitative analysis, were extracted and meta-analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • Significant horizontal and vertical alveolar ridge reduction was observed in both molar and non-molar sites.
  • Mean horizontal reduction in non-molar sites was 2.73 mm (clinical) and 2.54 mm (radiographic).
  • Mean horizontal reduction in molar sites was 3.61 mm (radiographic), indicating greater bone loss compared to non-molar sites.

Conclusions:

  • Alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction is variable and significantly influenced by tooth type.
  • Quantified dimensional changes provide valuable data for treatment planning in restorative dentistry.
  • Further research may focus on factors influencing this variability and potential regenerative strategies.