Enduring neuroimmunological consequences of developmental experiences: From vulnerability to resilience
Jack Reddaway1, Nichola M Brydges1
1Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|October 17, 2020
Summary
Environmental factors significantly impact the developing neuroimmune system. Positive experiences promote resilience, while negative ones increase psychiatric illness risk, highlighting the neuroimmune system as a therapeutic target.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Psychiatric Research
Background:
- The neuroimmune system integrates immune and neuronal functions, crucial for brain development.
- Both systems mature postnatally and are sensitive to environmental influences.
- Dysregulation during development can heighten vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neuroimmune system's role in development and function.
- To examine how environmental experiences shape neuroimmune programming.
- To explore sex differences in neuroimmune development and responses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of neuroimmunology and developmental programming.
- Analysis of studies on environmental impacts (stress, exercise, enrichment).
- Synthesis of research on neuroimmune cells, molecules, and functions.
Main Results:
- Negative environmental experiences (in utero to adolescence) can permanently alter neuroimmune function.
- Positive experiences like exercise and enrichment are protective and promote resilience.
- The neuroimmune system is a potential therapeutic target for stress-related psychiatric illnesses.
Conclusions:
- The neuroimmune system's plasticity offers therapeutic avenues for psychiatric conditions.
- Early life environment critically influences long-term neuroimmune health.
- Further research into sex differences is warranted for comprehensive understanding.
Keywords:
Developmental stressEnrichmentEnvironmentNeuroimmune systemPsychiatric illnessSex differencesMore Related Videos
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