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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Overview of the Vascular System01:20

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis
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Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

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COVID-19 - A vascular disease.

Hasan K Siddiqi1, Peter Libby2, Paul M Ridker1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes widespread organ issues, with endothelial injury being a key factor. Therapies targeting vascular dysfunction could be crucial for treating COVID-19 and its persistent symptoms.

Keywords:
CoagulationEndotheliumInflammationMicrovesselsThrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is linked to multi-systemic complications.
  • Growing evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 directly impacts the vascular endothelium, contributing to disease severity.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a critical mechanism in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial injury in COVID-19.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting vascular system dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To discuss the implications of endothelial damage for long-term COVID-19 effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2 and vascular pathology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating endothelial cell responses to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking viral infection to endothelial dysfunction and systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrably causes endothelial injury across multiple organ systems.
  • This injury contributes significantly to the multi-system dysfunction observed in COVID-19 patients.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in both acute disease severity and the development of long-term sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial injury is a pivotal mechanism in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • Therapeutic strategies focused on the vascular system may offer effective treatment options for COVID-19.
  • Addressing endothelial dysfunction is essential for managing both acute and chronic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.