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Infantile and congenital hemangiomas
Gerilyn M Olsen1, Allison Nackers2, Beth A Drolet2
1Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|October 18, 2020
Summary
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common benign tumors in infants. Congenital hemangiomas (CHs) are distinct, present at birth, and may require surgical intervention due to bleeding risks.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pediatrics
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumors in infants, typically appearing postnatally.
- While most IHs resolve without treatment, propranolol is the standard therapy for complicated lesions.
- Rarely, IHs are linked to structural anomalies, and congenital hemangiomas (CHs) represent a distinct entity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To differentiate infantile hemangiomas (IHs) from congenital hemangiomas (CHs).
- To highlight the distinct clinical, histological, and radiographic features of CHs.
- To underscore the management considerations for CHs, particularly regarding bleeding risk.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic features of IHs and CHs.
- Analysis of genetic mutations (GNAQ/GNA11) associated with CHs.
- Comparison of histological and radiographic findings between IHs and CHs.
Main Results:
- Congenital hemangiomas (CHs) are present at birth, unlike IHs which appear after birth.
- CHs are associated with specific genetic mutations (GNAQ/GNA11) and exhibit unique histological and radiographic characteristics.
- CHs possess high-flow vascularity, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Conclusions:
- Infantile hemangiomas and congenital hemangiomas are distinct entities with different origins and clinical behaviors.
- Accurate differentiation is crucial for appropriate management, especially considering the high bleeding risk in CHs.
- Surgical excision may be necessary for CHs due to their vascular nature and potential for complications.
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