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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Surgical approaches to thyroid.

Pablo Moreno Llorente1, Erick A Gonzales Laguado1, Marta Alberich Prats1

  • 1Unidad de Cirugía Endocrina, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universidad de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.

Cirugia Espanola
|October 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conventional thyroidectomy remains the gold standard for endocrine surgery. While newer endoscopic and robotic approaches offer cosmetic benefits, they haven't surpassed open surgery in overall effectiveness for thyroid removal.

Keywords:
Acceso remotoCicatrizCirugía endoscópicaCirugía robóticaEndoscopic surgeryRemote accessRobotic surgeryScarThyroidectomyTiroidectomía

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrine Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy is a common endocrine surgery.
  • The conventional collar incision (Kocher approach) is the established standard.
  • Evolving surgical techniques aim to improve cosmetic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze emerging endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomy approaches.
  • To understand the benefits and drawbacks of these novel techniques.
  • To compare new methods against the conventional open thyroidectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomy techniques.
  • Analysis of reported outcomes, focusing on efficacy and aesthetics.
  • Comparison of benefits and limitations of various surgical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Newer endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomy methods primarily enhance cosmetic results.
  • No current minimally invasive approach demonstrates superiority over conventional open thyroidectomy in efficacy.
  • Only a select group of patients may benefit from these advanced techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional open thyroidectomy remains the benchmark for safety and efficacy.
  • Minimally invasive thyroidectomy approaches may persist if they offer comparable disease treatment and improve patient quality of life.
  • Further research is needed to establish the long-term benefits of novel thyroidectomy techniques.