Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
Published on: August 15, 2018
Are there enormous age-trends in stable carbon isotope ratios of oak tree rings?
Danny McCarroll1, Josie E Duffy1, Neil J Loader1
1Department of Geography, Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
Abstract:
We test a recent prediction that stable carbon isotope ratios from UK oaks will display age-trends of more than 4‰ per century by measuring >5400 carbon isotope ratios from the late-wood alpha-cellulose of individual rings from 18 modern oak trees and 50 building timbers spanning the 9th-21st centuries. After a very short (c.5 years) juvenile phase with slightly elevated values, the number of series that show rising and falling trends is almost equal (33:35) and the average trend is almost zero. These results are based upon measuring and averaging the trends in individual time-series; the 'mean of the slopes' approach. We demonstrate that the more conventional 'slope of the mean' approach can produce strong but spurious 'age-trends' even when the constituent series are flat, with zero slope and zero variance. We conclude that it is safe to compile stable carbon isotope chronologies from UK oaks without de-trending. The isotope chronologies produced in this way are not subject to the 'segment length curse', which applies to growth measurements, such as ring width or density, and have the potential to retain very long-term climate signals.
Related Concept Videos
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
Global Climate Change
Isotopes
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview
Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

