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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
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Small Non-coding RNAs: Do They Encode Answers for Controlling SARS-CoV-2 in the Future?

Pallabi Bhattacharyya1, Subhas C Biswas1

  • 1Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNAs, regulate cellular pathways and may offer new therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Understanding their role in coronavirus infections could lead to novel RNAi-based treatments and biomarkers.

Keywords:
COVID-19MERS-CoVRNA virusesSARS-CoVSARS-CoV-2coronavirusesmicroRNAsnon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting millions globally.
  • Existing therapeutic strategies like antivirals and vaccines face challenges due to past failures against similar human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV).
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are known regulators of cellular pathways in various diseases, including viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of altered microRNA expression in coronavirus infections.
  • To explore how microRNA dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To identify potential applications of microRNAs in developing RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics and biomarkers for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA expression and function during coronavirus infections.
  • Analysis of existing research on microRNA roles in viral pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose microRNA-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs play a critical role in regulating cellular responses to viral infections.
  • Altered microRNA profiles are observed in patients with coronavirus infections, suggesting their involvement in disease progression.
  • Specific microRNAs may act as key regulators or targets in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent a promising area for understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Targeting microRNAs could lead to the development of novel RNAi-based therapies against SARS-CoV-2.
  • MicroRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring COVID-19.