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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
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Controlling emerging zoonoses at the animal-human interface.

Riley O Mummah1,2, Nicole A Hoff2, Anne W Rimoin2

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

One Health Outlook
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study models disease control for pathogens with limited human spread. It guides policymakers on prioritizing spillover prevention versus human-to-human transmission reduction based on resources and pathogen type.

Keywords:
Cross-species spillover transmissionEmerging infectious diseasesEpidemiological controlHuman-to-human transmissionInfectious disease dynamicsStuttering zoonosesSubcritical zoonoses

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Emerging and re-emerging pathogens often involve zoonotic spillover and human-to-human transmission.
  • Disease control interventions must balance resource constraints and target either spillover or human transmission.
  • Rational disease control strategies at the animal-human interface require further development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a modeling framework for analyzing disease control policies for pathogens with subcritical human transmission.
  • To quantify the effectiveness of different control measures (spillover reduction, human-to-human transmission reduction, or combined) across various epidemiological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical modeling framework to assess disease control strategies.
  • Focused on pathogens with subcritical human-to-human transmission.
  • Quantified the relative effectiveness of reducing spillover, human transmission, or both.

Main Results:

  • Provided guidelines for prioritizing control strategies based on epidemiological scenarios, resources, and costs.
  • Contextualized findings with examples of zoonotic and other subcritical pathogens like measles.
  • Evaluated the application of various control policies.

Conclusions:

  • Established a model-based theoretical foundation for understanding and guiding policy for subcritical zoonoses.
  • Integrated cross-disciplinary and cross-species approaches, aligning with One Health principles.