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Triplanar Chevron Osteotomy: A Newly Proposed Method to Treat Hallux Valgus Deformities
Jia-Liang Guo1, Wei-Chong Dong2, Mei-Shuang Shang1
1Trauma Centre, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Insights
A novel triplanar chevron osteotomy effectively treats hallux valgus (HV), significantly reducing HV angle and intermetatarsal angle. This technique shows potential for preventing transfer metatarsalgia.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Foot and ankle reconstruction
- Surgical innovation
Background:
- Hallux valgus (HV) is a common foot deformity.
- Traditional surgical methods for HV have limitations.
- A need exists for improved osteotomy techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and evaluate a novel triplanar chevron osteotomy technique.
- To assess the efficacy of this new method in correcting hallux valgus deformities.
- To compare the triplanar technique with traditional methods.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of CT data from 49 hallux valgus patients (59 feet).
- Detailed description of the triplanar chevron osteotomy technique, including apex location and cut plane angles.
- Pre- and post-operative measurement of intermetatarsal angle (IMA), HV angle (HVA), projection of the second metatarsal (PSM), metatarsal protrusion index (MPI), and metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD).
Main Results:
- Significant reductions in HVA (32.7° to 14.9°) and IMA (14.7° to 8.0°) were observed post-surgery across all groups.
- The triplanar technique showed comparable correction of HVA and IMA to traditional and POCO methods.
- Statistically significant decreases in PSM, MPI, and MPD were noted after triplanar osteotomy.
- A notable increase in the length of the first metatarsal (10.9 mm) was measured with the triplanar technique.
Conclusions:
- The triplanar chevron osteotomy is a safe and effective surgical option for hallux valgus.
- This novel technique demonstrates potential benefits in deformity correction.
- Simulation experiments suggest the triplanar method may help prevent transfer metatarsalgia.
Objective:
To present a novel method called triplanar chevron osteotomy to treat hallux valgus (HV).
Methods:
This is a retrospective study. In this study, the CT data of HV patients with painful callosities were evaluated retrospectively between 1 June 2018 and 1 June 2020. CT data from 49 consecutive patients (59 feet) with HV were evaluated. The average age at the time of surgery was 49.6 years (range, 30-63 years). The apex of the chevron osteotomy procedure was located at the center of the first metatarsal and was defined as the line formed by the central point perpendicular to the fourth metatarsal bone. The cut planes of the plantarward oblique chevron osteotomy (POCO) were defined as follows: chevron osteotomy along with 20° of plantarward obliquity. The triplanar osteotomy incision was made using the POCO method, with the direction inclined by 10° distally. The intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the HV angle (HVA), the projection of the second metatarsal (PSM), the metatarsal protrusion index (MPI), and the metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD) were all calculated before and after the operations. The length of the first metatarsal was measured and calculated with an equation.
Results:
The results showed that the HVA was significantly decreased after surgery (32.7° ± 4.6° vs 14.9° ± 2.1°, t = 25.583, P < 0.001) in the triplanar, traditional, and POCO groups. The IMA was also significantly decreased (14.7° ± 2.0°) compared with the results before surgery (8.0° ± 1.1°, t = 22.739, P < 0.001) in these groups. Compared with traditional osteotomy and POCO, there were no differences in correcting deformities on axial planes for the HVA (14.5° ± 1.7° vs 14.9° ± 2.1°, t = 1.835, P = 0.072) and IMA (8.1° ± 1.1° vs 8.0° ± 1.1°, t = -0.97, P = 0.336). There was a statistically significant decrease following surgery in terms of the PSM, MPI, and MPD after triplanar osteotomy. The length of the first metatarsal increased (10.9 ± 1.3 mm), as measured through three-dimensional images in the triplanar osteotomy group. The length was calculated as follows: H = L2 * Tan θ ≈ L/COS β * Tan θ.
Conclusion:
The new triplanar osteotomy technique is safe and effective for treating HV, and in simulation experiments reveals potential benefits of correction and preventing transfer metatarsalgia.
