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Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
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Ror β expression in activated macrophages and dental pulp stem cells.

V K Gopinath1,2, S Soumya2, M G Mohammad2,3

  • 1College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.

International Endodontic Journal
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor beta (Ror β) is expressed in macrophages and dental stem cells. Its expression increases with anti-inflammatory stimuli, suggesting a role in regulating inflammation.

Keywords:
Dental pulp stem cellsM1 macrophagesM2 macrophagesTHP-1 cellsretinoic acid-related orphan receptor beta

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammation in dental pulp involves complex cellular responses.
  • Macrophage polarization (M1/M2) is critical in inflammatory processes.
  • Dental pulp stem cells (hI-DPSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor beta (Ror β) expression in hI-DPSCs.
  • To analyze Ror β expression during macrophage phenotypic conversion (M1/M2).
  • To understand Ror β's role in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages.
  • Macrophage polarization to M1 and M2 phenotypes was induced and confirmed.
  • Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 was performed.
  • Ror β expression in macrophages and hI-DPSCs was assessed via Western blot.
  • Cytokine release was measured using BD cytokine flex kit.

Main Results:

  • THP-1 cells successfully differentiated into macrophages expressing CD-14.
  • Polarized M1 and M2 macrophages showed distinct CD marker expression.
  • M1 macrophages released IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10; M1 and M2 released TGF-β.
  • Ror β expression was upregulated in macrophages and hI-DPSCs upon anti-inflammatory cytokine treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Ror β is expressed in resting THP-1 macrophages and hI-DPSCs.
  • Anti-inflammatory stimuli significantly upregulate Ror β expression.
  • Ror β may play a role in the anti-inflammatory responses of macrophages and dental pulp stem cells.