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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
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Related Experiment Video

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Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats
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Aging and non-native speech perception: A phonetic training study.

Henna Tamminen1, Teija Kujala2, Risto Näätänen3

  • 1Phonetics and Learning, Age & Bilingualism Laboratory (LAB-lab), Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Neuroscience Letters
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Foreign language training improved elderly speech identification but not discrimination or pre-attentive processing. Older adults may need different learning strategies than younger individuals for cognitive benefits.

Keywords:
AgingMismatch negativity (MMN)Phonological processingSpeech perceptionTraining

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cognitive decline in the elderly impacts speech perception and foreign language acquisition.
  • Previous listen-and-repeat training showed benefits for younger adults and advanced L2 learners.
  • The effectiveness of this training in older adults remains to be investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of a listen-and-repeat training protocol on foreign language speech perception in the elderly.
  • To compare training effects on attentive behavioral measures and pre-attentive processing (mismatch negativity - MMN).
  • To determine if elderly individuals benefit similarly to younger adults from this specific training.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a listen-and-repeat training protocol with a challenging speech sound contrast.
  • Measured training effects using attentive behavioral measures (N=9).
  • Utilized electroencephalography to record the pre-attentive mismatch negativity (MMN) response (N=10).

Main Results:

  • Training significantly improved speech sound identification.
  • No significant improvements were observed in speech sound discrimination.
  • No changes were detected in the pre-attentive mismatch negativity (MMN) response.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted auditory training can enhance attentive aspects of foreign language speech perception in the elderly.
  • Pre-attentive speech processing mechanisms appear less responsive to this type of training in older adults.
  • The elderly may require tailored training approaches, differing from those effective for younger populations, to address cognitive decline impacts.