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Summary
Surgical patients experience significant blood changes, increasing risks of blood clots (thromboembolism). Early prevention targeting these hemorheological and hemostasiological issues is crucial for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Surgical Pathology
- Hemostasis
Background:
- Blood rheology is critical in physiological and pathological states.
- Pathohemorheological changes in surgical patients can lead to thromboembolic complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pathohemorheological and hemostasiological alterations in surgical patients.
- To discuss clinical consequences and preventive strategies for thromboembolism.
Main Methods:
- Review of rheological behavior of blood and its components.
- Analysis of hemorheological and hemostasiological alterations during and after surgery.
- Evaluation of clinical consequences and therapeutic interventions.
Main Results:
- Key alterations include platelet hyper-reactivity, altered protein concentrations affecting viscosity, reduced red cell deformability, increased clotting factors, and impaired fibrinolysis.
- Anesthetic techniques also impact hemorheological parameters.
- Thromboembolism in surgery is multifactorial, stemming from these combined disorders.
Conclusions:
- Thrombosis prevention requires addressing both hemorheological and hemostasiological disturbances.
- Preventive measures should commence before surgery for maximum benefit.
- Pentoxifylline is highlighted as a potential therapeutic agent for these multifactorial issues.