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Related Experiment Video

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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Brain connectivity and behavioral changes in a spaceflight analog environment with elevated CO2.

Heather R McGregor1, Jessica K Lee2, Edwin R Mulder2

  • 1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.

Neuroimage
|October 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Astronauts experience brain changes in space. This study shows head-down tilt bed rest with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) alters brain connectivity and sensorimotor function, impacting performance during and after simulated spaceflight.

Keywords:
Bed restCO(2)CognitionFunctional connectivityResting-state fMRISensorimotorSpaceflight

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Physiology
  • Human Adaptation

Background:

  • Astronauts face microgravity and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on the International Space Station.
  • The combined effects of microgravity and elevated CO2 on brain function and sensorimotor performance are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and sensorimotor behavior in a simulated spaceflight environment.
  • To assess the impact of head-down tilt bed rest with elevated CO2 (HDBR+CO2) on brain function and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent 30 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest with elevated CO2.
  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and sensorimotor assessments were conducted before, during, and after the HDBR+CO2 period.
  • FC changes were compared to a control group undergoing HDBR in normal air.

Main Results:

  • HDBR+CO2 induced significant alterations in FC between vestibular, visual, somatosensory, and motor brain regions.
  • Post-HDBR+CO2 FC changes were significantly correlated with altered sensorimotor performance.
  • These findings suggest a multisensory reweighting process in response to the simulated spaceflight environment.

Conclusions:

  • Head-down tilt bed rest with elevated CO2 effectively models microgravity-induced changes in brain connectivity and sensorimotor function.
  • Understanding these brain adaptations is crucial for mitigating performance decrements during and after spaceflight.
  • This research enhances the utility of HDBR as a spaceflight analog and informs strategies for astronaut health and performance.