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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Phytochemical delivery through nanocarriers: a review.

Razi Ahmad1, Sukriti Srivastava1, Shubhrima Ghosh1

  • 1Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.

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Summary

Nanocarriers enhance the delivery of phytochemicals, improving their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This approach overcomes challenges like poor absorption and degradation, making plant-based compounds more effective for health and disease treatment.

Keywords:
NanoencapsulationNanomaterialsNanomedicineNeutraceutical deliveryPhytochemical

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Phytochemicals, plant-derived compounds, offer health benefits but face delivery challenges.
  • Their large size and polarity hinder crossing biological barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Gastrointestinal degradation further reduces the efficacy of orally administered phytochemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanocarrier systems for improved phytochemical delivery.
  • To explore how nanocarriers enhance stability, absorption, and dispersion of phytochemicals.
  • To discuss nanocarrier strategies for targeted delivery and reduced toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanocarrier applications for phytochemicals.
  • Analysis of nanocarrier-mediated improvements in bioavailability and stability.
  • Discussion of challenges and future research directions in phytochemical nanodelivery.

Main Results:

  • Nanocarrier encapsulation/conjugation significantly improves phytochemical gastrointestinal stability and absorption.
  • Targeted delivery via nanocarriers enhances therapeutic value and minimizes toxicity.
  • Nanocarriers facilitate the crossing of biological barriers, increasing phytochemical efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocarrier technology is a promising strategy to overcome phytochemical delivery limitations.
  • Further research is needed on nanocarrier behavior during digestion and their metabolic impact.
  • Optimizing nanocarrier design is crucial for maximizing the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals.