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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

Published on: January 15, 2014

Superfast ion scattering by solar wind discontinuities.

A V Artemyev^1,2, A I Neishtadt^2,3, A A Vasiliev²

¹Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Physical Review. E

|October 20, 2020

Summary

Solar wind discontinuities rapidly scatter energetic ions through pitch-angle scattering. This process, driven by kinetic-scale structures, efficiently disperses ions regardless of discontinuity type.

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Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Astrophysics
Space Physics

Background:

Large-amplitude fluctuations in the solar wind magnetic field scatter energetic ions.
Solar wind discontinuities, characterized by rapid magnetic field rotations, are a primary source of these fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of internal discontinuity configuration in energetic ion pitch-angle scattering.
To determine the scattering efficiency of different types of solar wind discontinuities.

Main Methods:

Analysis of kinetic-scale discontinuities and their internal structure.
Examination of energetic ion scattering mechanisms, specifically adiabatic invariant destruction via separatrix crossings.

Main Results:

Kinetic-scale discontinuities cause very fast ion pitch-angle scattering.
Scattering efficiency is independent of the magnetic field component across the discontinuity surface.
Both rotational and tangential discontinuities exhibit similar scattering efficiencies.

Conclusions:

The internal configuration of solar wind discontinuities is crucial for energetic ion scattering.
Adiabatic invariant destruction at separatrix crossings is the dominant scattering mechanism.
Deviations from force-free conditions in discontinuities influence scattering effects.