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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Reflection of Waves01:07

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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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Secondary radiation force between two closely spaced acoustic bubbles.

Gabriel Regnault1, Cyril Mauger1, Philippe Blanc-Benon1

  • 1Univ Lyon, École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LMFA UMR 5509, F-69134 Écully, France.

Physical Review. E
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Summary

Acoustic bubbles attract or repel via secondary radiation forces. Measurements in a dual-frequency levitation chamber revealed deviations from theoretical models when bubbles exhibited nonspherical oscillations, indicating additional hydrodynamic forces.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microscale Phenomena

Background:

  • Acoustic radiation forces govern microbubble interactions.
  • Understanding these forces is crucial for applications in acoustics and fluid dynamics.
  • Existing models often simplify bubble behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the interaction forces between two oscillating microbubbles.
  • To compare experimental data with a theoretical model.
  • To investigate the influence of nonspherical oscillations on bubble interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a dual-frequency levitation chamber to trap microbubbles.
  • Performing precise measurements of interaction forces at close distances.
  • Comparing experimental results with a theoretical model based on linear spherical oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Experimental measurements were compared to a theoretical model.
  • The model accurately predicted forces for linearly oscillating, spherical bubbles.
  • Deviations occurred when nonspherical surface oscillations were induced.

Conclusions:

  • Nonspherical bubble oscillations introduce additional hydrodynamic forces.
  • Second-order liquid flow significantly impacts microbubble interactions.
  • Current theoretical models require refinement to account for complex bubble dynamics.