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Related Concept Videos

Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
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Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Types of Friction Problems01:27

Types of Friction Problems

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Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Non-conservative Forces01:17

Non-conservative Forces

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Non-conservative forces are dissipative forces such as friction or air resistance. These forces take energy away from a system as it progresses. Unlike conservative forces, non-conservative forces do not have potential energy associated with them. This is because the energy is lost to the system and cannot be turned into useful work later.
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...
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Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
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Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

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Frictional active Brownian particles.

Pin Nie1,2, Joyjit Chattoraj1, Antonio Piscitelli1,3

  • 1School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.

Physical Review. E
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frictional forces significantly alter active Brownian particle dynamics and phase separation. Even at low concentrations, particle friction drives phase separation, unlike frictionless systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Frictional forces are known to influence the rheology of hard-sphere colloids at high shear rates.
  • The role of friction in the dynamics of active Brownian particles (ABPs) and their motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of frictional forces on the dynamics and phase behavior of active Brownian particles.
  • To determine how friction affects motility-induced phase separation and the resulting phase diagram.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the behavior of active Brownian particles with frictional interactions.
  • The study analyzed particle dynamics, including angular diffusivity, and mapped the motility-induced phase diagram in the volume-fraction-motility plane.

Main Results:

  • Frictional forces were found to increase the angular diffusivity of particles in the dilute phase.
  • Friction prevents particles from resolving collisions by sliding, leading to qualitative changes in the motility-induced phase diagram.
  • Unlike frictionless systems, frictional systems exhibit instability towards phase separation irrespective of their volume fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Frictional forces play a crucial role in the phase behavior of active Brownian particles, extending beyond simple rheological effects.
  • Tuning particle roughness offers a potential mechanism to control motility-induced phase separation.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering inter-particle friction in active matter systems.