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Published on: January 12, 2020
Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Functions of NOTCH Signaling in Glioma
Elena Parmigiani1, Verdon Taylor1, Claudio Giachino1
1Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Abstract:
Although the role of NOTCH signaling has been extensively studied in health and disease, many questions still remain unresolved. Being crucial for tissue homeostasis, NOTCH signaling is also implicated in multiple cancers by either promoting or suppressing tumor development. In this review we illustrate the context-dependent role of NOTCH signaling during tumorigenesis with a particular focus on gliomas, the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors in adults. For a long time, NOTCH has been considered an oncogene in glioma mainly by virtue of its neural stem cell-promoting activity. However, the recent identification of NOTCH-inactivating mutations in some glioma patients has challenged this notion, prompting a re-examination of the function of NOTCH in brain tumor subtypes. We discuss recent findings that might help to reconcile the controversial role of NOTCH signaling in this disease, and pose outstanding questions that still remain to be addressed.
Insights
NOTCH signaling
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neuroscience
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- NOTCH signaling is vital for tissue homeostasis.
- Its role in cancer is complex, acting as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor.
- Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors where NOTCH's function is debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the context-dependent role of NOTCH signaling in tumorigenesis.
- To focus on the specific role of NOTCH in glioma development and progression.
- To reconcile conflicting evidence regarding NOTCH's function in gliomas.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on NOTCH signaling in cancer.
- Analysis of studies investigating NOTCH's role in glioma subtypes.
- Discussion of recent findings and unresolved questions.
Main Results:
- NOTCH signaling can promote or suppress tumor development depending on the context.
- Historically viewed as an oncogene in glioma due to neural stem cell promotion.
- NOTCH-inactivating mutations in some gliomas challenge its oncogenic role, suggesting context-specific functions.
Conclusions:
- The role of NOTCH signaling in glioma is complex and context-dependent.
- Recent findings necessitate a re-evaluation of NOTCH's function in different glioma subtypes.
- Further research is needed to fully understand and potentially target NOTCH signaling in brain tumors.
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