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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma.

Cinzia Caprio1, Antonio Sacco1, Viviana Giustini1

  • 1CREA Laboratory, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy.

Cancers
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, are key drivers in the development and progression of multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell cancer. Understanding these epigenetic changes is crucial for developing new MM treatments.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticshistone acetylationmultiple myelomanon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
  • MM pathogenesis involves complex cellular and molecular processes.
  • Epigenetic dysregulation is increasingly recognized in MM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of epigenetic modifications in multiple myeloma.
  • To highlight how DNA methylation and histone modifications influence MM pathogenesis.
  • To provide insights into epigenetic regulation in the context of MM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in MM epigenetics.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on DNA methylation in MM.
  • Examination of research on histone modifications in MM.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations are fundamental to MM development and progression.
  • Specific DNA methylation patterns are associated with MM.
  • Histone modifications significantly impact MM pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are crucial regulators in multiple myeloma.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms offers potential therapeutic strategies for MM.
  • Further research into MM epigenetics is warranted for clinical applications.