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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
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Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

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Translational Control during Cellular Senescence.

Matthew J Payea1, Carlos Anerillas2, Ravi Tharakan2

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA matthew.payea@nih.gov.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Senescent cells, arrested from replication due to damage, paradoxically exhibit both suppressed and enhanced protein translation. This dual state supports their unique senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) while maintaining cell cycle arrest.

Keywords:
agingcellular senescencestress responsetranslation elongationtranslation initiationtranslational control

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
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Induction and Validation of Cellular Senescence in Primary Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest following sublethal damage.
  • Senescent cells are metabolically active with distinct phenotypes.
  • Key features include increased size, active mTORC1, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the paradoxical nature of protein translation in senescent cells.
  • To understand how translation supports both cell cycle arrest and SASP.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cell cycle arrest mechanisms.
  • Assessment of mTORC1 activity and protein secretion.
  • Investigation of translation regulation in response to DNA damage.

Main Results:

  • Senescent cells display a global repression of translation due to DNA damage.
  • Specific proteins, including SASP factors, show increased translation.
  • This occurs despite p53-mediated growth arrest and inhibited ribosome biogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Senescent cells exhibit a complex, dual translational control.
  • Global translation repression coexists with selective translation of SASP components.
  • This highlights a sophisticated adaptation for maintaining senescence and its functions.