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Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
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Exposure to traffic-related particle matter and effects on lung function and potential interactions in a
Hanne Krage Carlsen1, Fredrik Nyberg2,3, Kjell Torén2
1Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden hanne.krage.carlsen@amm.gu.se.
Objectives:
To investigate the long-term effects of source-specific particle matter (PM) on lung function, effects of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes GSTP1 and GSTT1 gene variants and effect modification by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype.
Design:
Cohort study with address-based annual PM exposure assigned from annual estimates of size (PM10, PM2.5 and PMBC) and source-specific (traffic, industry, marine traffic and wood burning) dispersion modelling.
Setting:
Gothenburg, Sweden.
Participants:
The ADult-Onset asthma and NItric oXide Study had 6685 participants recruited from the general population, of which 5216 (78%) were included in the current study with information on all variables of interest. Mean age at the time of enrolment was 51.4 years (range 24-76) and 2427 (46.5%) were men.
Primary And Secondary Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome was forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Secondary outcome measures were effects and gene-environment interactions of SP-A and GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes.
Results:
Exposure to traffic-related PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with decreases in percent-predicted (% predicted) FEV1 by -0.48% (95% CI -0.89% to -0.07%) and -0.47% (95% CI -0.88% to -0.07%) per IQR 3.05 and 2.47 µg/m3, respectively, and with decreases in % predicted FVC by -0.46% (95% CI -0.83% to -0.08%) and -0.47% (95% CI -0.83% to -0.10%). Total and traffic-related PMBC was strongly associated with both FEV1 and FVC by -0.53 (95% CI -0.94 to -0.13%) and -0.43% (95% CI -0.77 to -0.09%) per IQR, respectively, for FVC, and similarly for FEV1. Minor allele carrier status for two GSTP1 SNPs and the GSTT1 null genotype were associated with decreases in % predicted lung function. Three SP-A SNPs showed effect modification with exposure to PM2.5 from industry and marine traffic.
Conclusions:
PM exposure, specifically traffic related, was associated with FVC and FEV1 reductions and not modified by genotype. Genetic effect modification was suggested for industry and marine traffic PM2.5.
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