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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

71.5K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
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Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes

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Targeting RNA structures in diseases with small molecules.

Yanqiu Shao1,2, Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang1,2

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Essays in Biochemistry
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review covers RNA structural biology, explaining how RNA structures regulate diseases. It summarizes small molecule approaches targeting RNA, discussing their pros, cons, and therapeutic promise.

Keywords:
RNA structuredrug designdrug screeningsmall molecules

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a vital role in gene expression and regulation.
  • Emerging research highlights the significance of RNA structure in cellular functions and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding RNA's structural intricacies is key to deciphering its biological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce RNA structural biology and its role in disease regulation.
  • To review current strategies for discovering small molecules that target RNA structures.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of RNA-targeting small molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RNA structural biology.
  • Analysis of small molecule drug discovery approaches targeting RNA.
  • Evaluation of advantages and limitations of current therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • RNA structures are critical regulators of cellular processes and disease.
  • Various chemical and biological methods exist to target RNA structures.
  • Small molecules offer a promising avenue for RNA-targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting RNA structures with small molecules presents a viable therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and optimize RNA-targeted drug development.
  • RNA-targeted therapeutics hold significant potential for treating various diseases.