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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.8K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

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Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
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Scale-Enhanced Magnetism in Exfoliated Atomically Thin Magnetite Sheets.

Anand B Puthirath1, Sharmila N Shirodkar1, Guanhui Gao1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Room-temperature ferromagnetism was achieved in 2D magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets. This breakthrough enhances prospects for 2D materials in advanced electronic devices.

Keywords:
2D magnetismdensity functional theoryferromagnetismnon-van der Waals 2D materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Room-temperature ferromagnetism in 2D materials is crucial for next-generation electronics.
  • Previous studies identified magnetic ordering in 2D materials like CrI3 and VSe2, but intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the observation of room-temperature ferrimagnetic ordering in atomically thin magnetite (Fe3O4) layers.
  • To investigate the origin of enhanced magnetization in low-dimensional magnetite.
  • To explore the feasibility of creating 2D sheets from non-van der Waals magnetite crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Thinning bulk magnetite to few-atom-thick sheets.
  • Direct current (DC) magnetization measurements.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Surface energy calculations for different cleavage planes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a transition at room temperature that increases magnetization in thinned magnetite.
  • Confirmed ferrimagnetic ordering with enhanced magnetization in 2D magnetite layers.
  • DFT calculations attributed the enhanced magnetism to reduced dimensionality.
  • Surface energy calculations supported the experimental observation of obtaining 2D sheets from non-van der Waals magnetite.

Conclusions:

  • Atomically thin magnetite exhibits intrinsic room-temperature ferrimagnetism.
  • Low dimensionality is key to enhanced magnetization in these 2D magnetite systems.
  • The findings open new avenues for 2D magnetic materials in device applications.