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Related Concept Videos

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

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Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
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Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

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The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
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Acid-Base Balance01:25

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The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
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For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
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Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

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Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Real-Time, Semi-Automated Fluorescent Measurement of the Airway Surface Liquid pH of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells
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Tackling acid-base disorders, one Twitter poll at a time.

Joshua L Rein1, Matthew A Sparks2, Rachel Hilburg3

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Advances in Physiology Education
|October 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Twitter polls effectively teach acid-base disorders, a challenging medical topic. This engaging, virtual learning method aids physicians and trainees, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
Twitteracid-base disordersmedical educationnephrologysocial media

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Nephrology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Acid-base disorders are crucial yet challenging for physicians.
  • Traditional medical education struggles to fully engage trainees with this topic.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for virtual learning solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Twitter polls as an educational tool for acid-base disturbances.
  • To assess the feasibility and engagement of using social media for medical education.
  • To provide an accessible, mobile-optimized learning resource for nephrology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Twitter polls presenting laboratory values to identify acid-base disorder etiologies.
  • Shared answers and explanations via subsequent tweets from the NephSIM account.
  • Administered an anonymous survey to gauge user attitudes toward the Twitter polls.

Main Results:

  • Twitter polls proved a feasible and engaging method for teaching acid-base disturbances.
  • The approach successfully supplemented traditional medical education for trainees and physicians.
  • The platform offered a valuable virtual learning opportunity, relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • Social media platforms like Twitter can effectively enhance medical education for complex topics.
  • Virtual learning tools are increasingly important for continuous medical training.
  • NephSIM's Twitter integration provides an accessible resource for mastering acid-base disorders.