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Rapid Weight Gain, Infant Feeding Practices, and Subsequent Body Mass Index Trajectories: The CALINA Study

Paloma Flores-Barrantes1,2,3,4, Isabel Iguacel1,2,3,4, Iris Iglesia-Altaba1,2,3,5

  • 1GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition, and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.

Nutrients
|October 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Rapid weight gain (RWG) and formula feeding in infancy are linked to higher body mass index (BMI) and weight z-scores in children. Infant feeding practices did not mediate this association but influenced later BMI.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutrition Science
  • Child Growth and Development

Background:

  • Rapid weight gain (RWG) in infancy is a concern for long-term health outcomes.
  • Infant feeding practices, including breastfeeding and formula feeding, play a crucial role in early development.
  • Understanding the interplay between early growth patterns and feeding methods is essential for child health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate growth trajectories associated with RWG and infant feeding practices within the first 120 days of life.
  • To determine if infant feeding practices mediate the relationship between early RWG and later body mass index (BMI) z-scores.
  • To analyze growth patterns in children aged 1 to 6 years.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 862 children in the CALINA study.
  • Utilized repeated-measures ANOVA to assess growth trajectories based on RWG and feeding type.
  • Employed the product of coefficients method to examine mediation by infant feeding practices.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher BMI and weight z-score trajectories were observed in infants with RWG and those fed formula.
  • No significant differences in height trajectories were found between groups.
  • Infant feeding practices did not mediate the RWG-BMI z-score association but were linked to BMI at 6 years.

Conclusions:

  • Both infant feeding practices and RWG independently shape childhood BMI and weight growth trajectories.
  • While not a mediator, formula feeding shows an independent association with increased BMI growth.
  • Early life factors significantly influence long-term growth patterns and pediatric obesity risk.

Keywords:
body mass index z-scorebreastfeedinginfant feedingrapid weight gain

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