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Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Related Experiment Video

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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
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Layered assemblers for scalable parallel integration.

Jonathan Hiller1, Joni Mici2, Hod Lipson1,3

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|October 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel layered assembly methods for rapid, scalable manufacturing of complex mechanical systems. These techniques enable faster-than-linear assembly, potentially revolutionizing modular fabrication processes.

Keywords:
digital fabricationlayered assemblymulti-material printingself-alignmentself-assemblyvoxel printing

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Technology

Background:

  • Complex natural and artificial systems rely on modular building blocks.
  • Replicating this modularity in mechanical systems for complexity evolution is challenging.
  • Scalable, high-speed assembly of numerous small components is a key hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if layered assembly can achieve exponential gains in speed and efficiency for block-based manufacturing.
  • To develop deterministic and scalable methods for assembling large numbers of small building blocks.
  • To bridge the meso-scale assembly gap for creating complex mechanical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two novel layered assembly principles for faster-than-linear integration of modules.
  • Utilized an opto-capillary effect for simultaneous deposition of entire building block layers.
  • Employed a rapid jetting process for sequential row deposition of building blocks.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the fabrication of multi-component structures using up to 20,000 millimeter-scale spherical building blocks.
  • Achieved assembly times significantly faster than linear scaling, integrating 'n' modules in O(n) and O(n) time.
  • Successfully created complex structures within a 3-hour timeframe.

Conclusions:

  • Scalable layered assembly offers a pathway to overcome limitations in mechanical system fabrication.
  • These methods can facilitate the creation of increasingly complex, adaptive, and recyclable systems.
  • Integration of standardized passive and active building blocks will further advance meso-scale assembly capabilities.