[Formation of concrements in the lacrimal excretory system]

Studying the pathogenesis of concrements formation in lacrimal ducts is of fundamental and practical importance. This article attempts to analyze available information related to the pathogenesis of this phenomenon, provides information on the etiopathogenesis, physical and chemical properties of concrements obtained from horizontal and vertical parts of the lacrimal duct, and considers in detail bacteriological and mycotic composition of concrements, as well as various theories of their formation. The analysis helped justify the need to separate the concrements formed in the horizontal and vertical parts of the lacrimal ducts on the basis of differences in their pathogenesis. Actinomycotic infection is the cause of concrements formation in the horizontal part of the lacrimal duct in the overwhelming majority of cases. The process of concrements formation in the vertical part of the lacrimal duct in some cases occurs as a result of previous clinical events, but in many other cases the trigger mechanisms remain unknown. To date, the role of the initial narrowing of the lacrimal ducts in the pathogenesis of concrements is not clearly defined. The accumulated knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of concrements is currently not enough to formulate a complete theory of the development of this phenomenon. Further studies of the pathogenesis of concrements will help develop new diagnostic and therapeutic measures aimed at restoring the patency of the lacrimal ducts.