Metabolic Changes in Different Tissues of Garlic Plant during Growth

The accumulation, distribution, and transportation of nutrients in different tissues of garlic during growth are unclear. Thereby, five tissues (leaf, pseudostem, bulb wrapper, clove skin, and clove) collected at 7 weeks were subjected to metabolomics analysis. A total of 84 biomarkers were identified during garlic plant growth. Most organosulfur compounds, amino acids, and dipeptides were upregulated in the clove, while a reversed trend was observed in other tissues. In addition, nucleotides and alkaloids increased because of senescence in the last 2 weeks except for the clove. The results also indicated that the garlic plant at an early stage is an ideal vegetable that is rich in nutrients. When the leaves began to wither, most nutrients were transported from other tissues to cloves, and the content of 7 total flavor precursors and 20 total amino acids in the clove increased by 113% and 65% after week 5, respectively. Therefore, delayed harvest may improve the nutritional quality of garlic bulbs.