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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

44.3K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
44.3K
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

1.4K
The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...
1.4K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.3K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
2.3K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

36.1K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
36.1K
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

634
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
634

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Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
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Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols

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Quantifying the Counterion-Specific Effect on Surfactant Adsorption Using Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments.

Mengsu Peng1, Timothy T Duignan1, Anh V Nguyen1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|October 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) show varied behavior with different counterions. Larger counterions, such as cesium ions (Cs+), enhance surface adsorption and reduce surface tension most effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Ionic surfactants exhibit counterion-specific behavior crucial for scientific and engineering applications.
  • Classical adsorption models can predict surface tension but lack explanation for the underlying counterion-specific effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend an existing adsorption model to incorporate specific counterion adsorption.
  • To explain the origin of counterion specificity in surfactant behavior using molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an extended adsorption model for surfactant solutions.
  • Validated predictions using sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy.
  • Employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the molecular origins of the observed effects.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts surface tension for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with various monovalent salts (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl).
  • Predicted surface excess and potential align with experimental SFG spectroscopy data.
  • MD simulations reveal counterion binding to both the SDS headgroup and nearby CH2 fragments.

Conclusions:

  • Counterion binding to the surfactant headgroup and adjacent alkyl chain segments drives the specificity.
  • Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) exhibits a preference for larger counterions (e.g., Cs+), aligning with Collins's law of matching water affinity.
  • Larger counterions lead to increased surface adsorption and the greatest reduction in surface tension.