Changing in gender prevalence of nephrolithiasis
Elisa Cicerello1, Mario S Mangano1, Giandavide Cova1
1Unità Complessa di Urologia, Dipartimento di Chirurgia Specialistica, Ospedale Ca' Foncello, Treviso, Italy.
Urologia
|October 21, 2020
Summary
The male to female ratio for kidney stones is narrowing, with women experiencing increased emergency visits and higher mortality rates, particularly when urosepsis is involved.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) historically affects men more than women.
- Recent trends indicate a narrowing male to female ratio for kidney stone prevalence.
- Lifestyle changes and rising obesity in women may contribute to this shift.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of changing gender prevalence in urinary calculi.
- To identify the relationship between gender and risk factors for kidney stone formation.
- To examine the impact of gender on severe outcomes, including mortality.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature and epidemiological data.
- Analysis of trends in kidney stone prevalence across genders.
- Investigation into associated risk factors and clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- The male to female ratio for kidney stones is decreasing.
- Kidney stones in women are increasingly leading to emergency department visits.
- Females face a higher mortality rate, especially with associated urosepsis requiring ICU admission.
Conclusions:
- The gender disparity in kidney stone disease is evolving.
- Understanding gender-specific risk factors is crucial for prevention and management.
- Severe cases, particularly in women with urosepsis, carry a significant mortality risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention
235
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
235
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
276
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
276
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
245
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
245
01:30Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
117
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
117
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
184
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
184
01:21Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History
251
The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
251