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Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
Published on: September 20, 2018
Family history and pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Parisa Samimi1, Sarah H Jones2, Ayush Giri3,4
1Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Introduction And Hypothesis:
Numerous analytic observational studies assess family history as a risk factor for POP and report a wide range of associations. This review aims to systematically evaluate the role of family history of POP in relation to POP risk and its recurrence.
Methods:
A review was performed of the PubMed/MEDLINE database with search criteria specifying family history, risk factors, POP, and their synonyms as title/abstract keywords, as well as MESH terms, up to March 2020. We aggregated evidence across studies with fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) meta-analysis.
Results:
Forty-three articles underwent full-text review. Eighteen independent studies evaluating the relationship between family history of POP and POP risk in 3639 POP cases and 10,912 controls were eligible for meta-analysis. Four studies evaluating family history and POP recurrence in 224 recurrent cases and 400 non-recurrent cases were eligible for inclusion into another meta-analyses. A positive family history of POP is on average associated with 2.3- to 2.7-fold increased risk for POP (RE OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 2.07, 3.35) as well as a 1.4-fold increased risk for POP recurrence (FE OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.08). Meta-analysis estimates of POP risk varied by study design, definition of family history, and model adjustment status. We found evidence that publication bias and recall bias are a possibility.
Conclusions:
Family history of POP is a risk factor for both POP presence and recurrence. However, reported magnitudes may be overestimates due to confounding, recall bias, and publication bias.
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