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Mechanical Forces Regulate Asymmetric Vascular Cell Alignment.

Xin Cui1, Jie Tong2, Jimmy Yau3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical forces drive asymmetric cell alignment in vascular development. This study reveals how cell traction and intercellular forces regulate vascular morphogenesis, offering insights into both healthy and diseased states.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Mechanical forces from the microenvironment are crucial for vascular system development and function.
  • Asymmetric morphogenesis in vascular systems is a complex process influenced by cellular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cellular forces in asymmetric endothelial cell alignment and vascular morphogenesis.
  • To explore how varying topographic geometries affect vascular development.
  • To examine force-dependent mechanisms in diseased endothelial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized micropatterned endothelial cell ring-shaped sheets to study cell alignment and forces.
  • Manipulated traction and intercellular forces using symmetric and asymmetric ring-shaped patterns.
  • Employed pharmacological interventions to suppress cellular forces.
  • Developed a mechanical force-propelled active particle model for simulations.
  • Analyzed mouse diabetic aortic endothelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Tuning traction and intercellular forces via topographic geometries regulated asymmetric vascular morphogenesis in vitro.
  • Pharmacological suppression of forces disrupted force-dependent asymmetric cell alignment.
  • Mechanical forces were confirmed to synergistically drive asymmetric endothelial cell alignments in various geometries.
  • Diseased endothelial cells showed abnormal alignment, traction, and intercellular forces.

Conclusions:

  • Established a controllable micromechanical platform for studying force-dependent vascular asymmetric morphogenesis.
  • Demonstrated a direct link between single-cell mechanics and multicellular behaviors in vascular development.
  • Highlighted the critical role of mechanical forces in physiological and pathological vascular morphogenesis.