Gender difference of hip-ankle compensations following a novel trip perturbation in young adults

Women have an increased likelihood of sustaining a fall-related injury compared to men; however, little is known about fall prevention strategies between genders. The purpose of this study was to compare the gender differences in lower limb reactions and three-dimensional recovery patterns following a treadmill-induced trip perturbation.

Seventy-six participants who are right limb dominant enrolled in the study, which included 41 females (26.15 [9.92] years old) and 35 males (27.11 [9.15] years old). The outcome measures included a three-dimensional (3D) range of motion (ROM) analysis on the bilateral hip, knee, and ankle joints following the trip perturbation at a 0.89 m/s velocity for 0.12 m. This induced trip caused subjects to walk forward for a 0.26 s duration.

The female group demonstrated significantly increased frontal plane ROM in the right hip (t = 2.71, p = 0.01) and left ankle (t = 2.16, p = 0.03) as well as increased sagittal plane ROM in the right (t = 2.07, p = 0.04) and left (t = 2.36, p = 0.02) ankles. There was a significant gender interaction on 3D body region (F = 6.84, p = 0.01) following the perturbation.

There was a 3D gender difference on the lower limbs for balance control. The female group demonstrated increased sagittal motion in both ankles following a trip perturbation. In addition, their ROM increased on the dominant hip and non-dominant ankle in the frontal plane, which was compensated by step width for standing stability. Clinicians might want to consider the implications of gender differences on lower limb reaction patterns to help patients avoid potential injuries/falls.