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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Network-Specific Corticothalamic Dysconnection in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents is linked to abnormal corticothalamic connectivity in key brain networks. This dysconnection, particularly in the cingulo-opercular network, correlates with ADHD symptom severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities.
  • Previous research primarily focused on frontostriatal systems, leaving the thalamic network's role in ADHD under-explored.
  • This study investigates corticothalamic network properties in adolescents with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore corticothalamic network properties in adolescents with ADHD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI).
  • To correlate network dysconnection with ADHD symptom severity.
  • To elucidate the role of thalamus-related networks in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional MRI scans were acquired from 18 adolescents with ADHD and 16 healthy controls (ages 12-17).
  • Six cortical networks were derived from a priori regions of interest: dorsal default mode network, frontoparietal network, cingulo-opercular network (CON), primary sensorimotor network (SM1), primary auditory network, and primary visual network (V1).
  • Corticothalamic connectivity was calculated for each network and compared between groups; correlations with ADHD symptom severity were assessed using parent rating scales.

Main Results:

  • Significantly reduced corticothalamic connectivity was observed within the CON in adolescents with ADHD compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • Corticothalamic dysconnection within the CON, SM1, and V1 networks showed a negative correlation with ADHD symptom severity.
  • These findings indicate specific network alterations associated with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Corticothalamic dysconnection in ADHD involves the CON, SM1, and V1 networks.
  • The degree of dysconnection correlates with ADHD symptom severity.
  • This study provides evidence for dysfunctional thalamus-related networks in ADHD.