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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.6K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
1.6K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.5K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.5K
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

1.6K
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
1.6K
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

2.0K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
2.0K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.6K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.6K
Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

4.2K
When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
4.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Engineering Properties of Superconducting Materials.

Tim Coombs1

  • 1Electrical Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superconductivity, discovered over a century ago, has limited industrial use despite its potential. New high-temperature superconductors and ongoing research aim to realize diverse applications beyond MRI machines.

Keywords:
H-formulationHTSbulk superconductorscoated conductorsmathematical modelling

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Superconductivity, a phenomenon known for over a century, has seen limited industrial adoption primarily in MRI machines.
  • The discovery of high-temperature superconductors in 1986 offered a significant advancement, reducing the need for liquid helium cooling.

Discussion:

  • The development of various superconductors, including the pnictide class discovered in 2006, continues to expand the possibilities for practical applications.
  • Identifying and overcoming challenges in transitioning superconducting technologies from laboratory research to industrial implementation is crucial.

Key Insights:

  • High-temperature superconductors enable the development of novel devices that do not require cryogenic cooling.
  • Diverse potential applications include electric motors, generators, wind turbines, fault current limiters, and low-loss power cables.

Outlook:

  • Realizing widespread industrial use of superconductors depends on addressing technological and economic factors.
  • This special issue explores key elements for the successful commercialization of superconducting devices, envisioning a 'superconducting world'.