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Related Concept Videos

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases
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EXO1: A tightly regulated nuclease.

Sarah Sertic1, Roberto Quadri1, Federico Lazzaro1

  • 1Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.

DNA Repair
|October 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is crucial for DNA repair, but its overactivity causes genome instability. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate EXO1, impacting cancer development.

Keywords:
CancerDNA damageExonuclease 1Post-translational modifications

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Fluorescence-Based Detection of FEN1 Nuclease Activity and Screening of Small-Molecule Inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a conserved enzyme essential for DNA metabolism.
  • Its 5'-3' DNA resection activity is vital for DNA repair pathways.
  • Uncontrolled EXO1 activity can lead to genomic instability and cellular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize post-translational modifications (PTMs) of EXO1.
  • To discuss how PTMs regulate EXO1 activity.
  • To explore the link between EXO1 PTMs and cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on EXO1 regulation.
  • Analysis of existing research on PTMs affecting EXO1.
  • Synthesis of findings on EXO1 activity modulation.

Main Results:

  • Various PTMs influence EXO1's nucleolytic function.
  • PTM-mediated regulation is critical for controlling DNA degradation.
  • Dysregulation of EXO1 through PTMs is implicated in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Post-translational modifications are key regulators of Exonuclease 1.
  • Understanding EXO1 PTMs offers insights into cancer biology.
  • Targeting EXO1 regulation may present therapeutic strategies.