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Cutaneous vasculitis in horses: 19 cases (1978-1985)
1Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square 19348.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|August 15, 1987
Summary
Cutaneous vasculitis in horses primarily affects mares aged 3-10 years, with edema and neutrophilia being common signs. Fever is a poor prognostic indicator, while corticosteroids offer a 63.1% survival rate.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Immunology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Cutaneous vasculitis is an inflammatory condition affecting equine skin.
- Understanding its clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and prognosis is crucial for effective management.
- This study reviews cases to identify key characteristics and outcomes.
Observation:
- The study analyzed 19 horses diagnosed with cutaneous vasculitis.
- Predominant signalment included mares (73.7%) aged 3-10 years.
- Subcutaneous edema (94.7%) and neutrophilia (52.6%) were the most frequent clinical and laboratory findings, respectively.
- Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was confirmed histopathologically in 85.7% of biopsied cases.
Findings:
- The overall survival rate with corticosteroid treatment and supportive care was 63.1%.
- Fever was identified as a significant predictor of poor prognosis (odds ratio, 17.81; P < 0.05).
- Equine purpura hemorrhagica was suspected in some cases due to exposure history.
- A significant portion of cases (36.8%) lacked identifiable infectious or drug-related triggers, suggesting immune-mediated origins.
Implications:
- Early identification of fever in horses with cutaneous vasculitis may guide treatment intensity and prognosis.
- Further research into immune-mediated triggers for equine vasculitis is warranted.
- Effective management strategies involve corticosteroids and supportive care, with a guarded prognosis in febrile cases.