Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Cross-Sectional Research

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Podium Abstracts Presented at the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026

Same author

A new JSES journal reveal.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026

Same author

Effects of Light-Induced Electromagnetic Fields on Human Cancer Cells <i>in Vitro</i>.

Bioelectricity·2026

Same author

Biointegrative Fixation for Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy Is Effective and May Lower Removal Rate.

Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation·2026

Same author

JSEA Announcement.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2025

Same author

Electrolocation without an electric image.

Physical biology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Relative age effect: beyond the youth phenomenon.

Patrick Wakefield Joyner¹, John Lewis², William J Mallon³

¹Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA.

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

|October 22, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The relative age effect (RAE) significantly impacts elite athletes, with those born earlier in the year having an advantage in sports. This effect is prevalent across various Olympic disciplines, highlighting the need for coaches to consider birthdate when evaluating young talent.

Keywords:

Olympics Sport Sporting organisation Training

More Related Videos

Obtaining Specimens with Slowed, Accelerated and Reversed Aging in the Honey Bee Model

Obtaining Specimens with Slowed, Accelerated and Reversed Aging in the Honey Bee Model

Published on: August 29, 2013

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 4, 2025

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Obtaining Specimens with Slowed, Accelerated and Reversed Aging in the Honey Bee Model

Obtaining Specimens with Slowed, Accelerated and Reversed Aging in the Honey Bee Model

Published on: August 29, 2013

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Developmental Psychology
Talent Identification

Background:

The relative age effect (RAE) describes performance advantages for athletes born in the first quarter of the year within age-restricted sports.
This advantage stems from increased physical and emotional maturity in relatively older athletes, leading to better developmental opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of the relative age effect (RAE) in elite athletes by analyzing the birth distribution of Olympians.
To determine if the RAE is a ubiquitous phenomenon across different Olympic sports categories.

Main Methods:

Analysis of birth quarters for over 44,000 Olympic athletes born between 1964 and 1996.
Comparison of birth date distributions across summer and winter Olympians, and ball/non-ball, team/individual sports.

Main Results:

Significant differences (p<0.001) were found in birth quarter distributions for summer and winter Olympians, ball and non-ball sports, and team and individual sports.
The relative age effect (RAE) was observed in Olympic athletes irrespective of gender or sport classification.

Conclusions:

The relative age effect (RAE) is a general phenomenon present in elite Olympic athletes.
Coaching staff should consider the RAE when evaluating young athletes' potential and development.