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Related Concept Videos

Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

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The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
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Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Elasticity in Concrete01:20

Elasticity in Concrete

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Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
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Viscoelastic Characterization of Soft Tissue-Mimicking Gelatin Phantoms using Indentation and Magnetic Resonance Elastography
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Viscoelastic testing in pediatric patients.

Thorsten Haas1, David Faraoni2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Zurich University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

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Summary

Viscoelastic testing-guided transfusion algorithms improve bleeding management in children. This approach aids rapid detection of coagulation disorders and reduces blood product transfusion needs in pediatric patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Current bleeding management guidelines for neonates and children often extrapolate from adult data due to limited pediatric evidence.
  • Viscoelastic testing (VET) offers a point-of-care method for assessing hemostasis, but its application in pediatrics is less established.
  • Hemostasis maturation continues through the first year of life, complicating the direct application of adult reference ranges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a structured overview of published literature on using viscoelastic testing (VET) to guide bleeding management in neonates and children.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and impact of VET-based transfusion algorithms in pediatric populations.
  • To summarize current evidence on VET device availability and reference range establishment for pediatric use.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published studies on VET in pediatric bleeding management.
  • Analysis of studies correlating VET results with standard laboratory tests and bleeding prediction.
  • Evaluation of clinical trials implementing VET-guided transfusion algorithms in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Main Results:

  • Limited pediatric-specific reference ranges exist for most VET devices.
  • Adult reference ranges may be applicable for children over one year of age.
  • Studies show VET can predict bleeding and detect coagulation disorders; implementation in pediatric cardiac surgery reduced transfusion requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Viscoelastic testing-guided transfusion algorithms are a feasible and beneficial approach for managing bleeding in children.
  • This strategy improves bleeding management and rationalizes blood product use in pediatric patients.
  • Further research is needed, but VET shows promise for optimizing hemostasis management in young patients.