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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Convenient and General Expression Platform for the Production of Secreted Proteins from Human Cells

A Convenient and General Expression Platform for the Production of Secreted Proteins from Human Cells

Published on: July 31, 2012

Cell-free systems for accelerating glycoprotein expression and biomanufacturing.

Jasmine Hershewe^1,2,3, Weston Kightlinger^1,2,3, Michael C Jewett^4,5,6,7,8

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology

|October 22, 2020

Summary

Cell-free glycoprotein synthesis offers a powerful method for studying and producing complex glycoproteins. This review explores current cell-free systems for glycoprotein biomanufacturing, highlighting future opportunities.

Keywords:

Cell-free protein synthesis Glycoengineering Glycosylation High-throughput experimentation Synthetic biology

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Convenient and General Expression Platform for the Production of Secreted Proteins from Human Cells

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Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems

Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems

Published on: June 14, 2021

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Biotechnology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Protein glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification essential for cellular functions, health, and biotechnological applications.
The study and production of homogeneous glycoproteins present significant challenges due to their complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advanced cell-free systems for glycoprotein biomanufacturing.
To discuss the application of natural and synthetic N-linked glycosylation pathways in cell-free environments.
To identify current challenges and future prospects in using cell-free systems for glycoprotein-based biomedicines.

Main Methods:

Review of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis systems.
Analysis of natural and synthetic N-linked glycosylation strategies within cell-free platforms.
Discussion of biomanufacturing applications for glycoprotein therapeutics.

Main Results:

Cell-free systems provide versatile platforms for both protein synthesis and glycosylation.
These systems enable the production of defined glycoproteins using various glycosylation pathways.
The review covers state-of-the-art methodologies in cell-free glycoprotein synthesis.

Conclusions:

Cell-free glycoprotein synthesis represents a promising approach to overcome current limitations in glycoprotein research and production.
Future opportunities lie in optimizing these systems for the design, manufacture, and study of novel glycoprotein biomedicines.