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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

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Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Crosstalk between circadian rhythms and the microbiota.

James Alexander Pearson1,2, Florence Susan Wong1, Li Wen2

  • 1Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Immunology
|October 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Circadian rhythms, influenced by light and microbiota, regulate host immunity and metabolism. Understanding this crosstalk may offer therapeutic strategies for health and disease.

Keywords:
Microbiotacircadian rhythmsimmune systempattern recognition receptors

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Area of Science:

  • * Chronobiology and Microbiology
  • * Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • * Circadian rhythms govern daily physiological and molecular oscillations, impacting health and disease susceptibility.
  • * The gut microbiota significantly influences peripheral circadian rhythms, affecting host metabolism and immunity.
  • * Recent molecular techniques have illuminated the complex roles of microbiota in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the role of circadian microbial oscillations in host immunity.
  • * To explore the bidirectional regulation between host circadian rhythms and microbial rhythms.
  • * To discuss potential therapeutic applications of the microbe-host circadian axis.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review synthesizing current research on circadian rhythms and microbiota.
  • * Analysis of studies investigating microbial influences on host circadian rhythms and vice versa.
  • * Exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying circadian-microbiota interactions.

Main Results:

  • * Microbial circadian oscillations directly and indirectly impact host metabolism and immunity.
  • * Host circadian rhythms modulate microbial composition and activity.
  • * A complex crosstalk exists, where each system influences the other's rhythms.

Conclusions:

  • * The interplay between circadian rhythms and microbiota is crucial for maintaining host health.
  • * Targeting microbial circadian rhythms presents a potential therapeutic avenue.
  • * Further research into this axis can optimize clinical success in managing diseases.