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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

22.8K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

2.0K

Frequency-dependent selection can forecast evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Taj Azarian1,2, Pamela P Martinez2, Brian J Arnold2

  • 1Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|October 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting pathogen population shifts after vaccination is difficult. This study uses accessory gene frequencies to forecast Streptococcus pneumoniae population changes, showing negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) can predict vaccine impact.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 4, 2025

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Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Predicting pathogen population dynamics, particularly for Streptococcus pneumoniae, is complex.
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) target specific strains, leading to population shifts.
  • Understanding these shifts is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for Streptococcus pneumoniae population changes post-vaccination.
  • To investigate the role of accessory gene frequencies and negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) in these dynamics.
  • To forecast vaccine-induced population composition and assess emerging lineage invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized accessory gene frequencies as a proxy for negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS).
  • Developed an NFDS-based model to estimate strain fitness at vaccine introduction.
  • Applied the model to predict changes in pneumococcal strain prevalence post-vaccination.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicted whether strains increased or decreased in prevalence after PCV introduction.
  • Accurate forecasts of equilibrium post-vaccine population composition were achieved.
  • The invasion capacity of emerging lineages was successfully assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Accessory gene frequencies can predict pathogen population dynamics under NFDS.
  • The developed NFDS model offers a robust method for forecasting intervention impacts on bacterial populations.
  • This approach has potential applications for other bacterial pathogens influenced by NFDS.